Patients now need executive level skills to survive diagnosis, treatment, and access. This essay featuring Kathy Giusti breaks down how healthcare incentives create that reality, who benefits, who pays, and what must change to reduce risk and restore accountability.

Women were excluded from U.S. clinical trials until 1993. That decision shaped drug safety, outcomes, and cost for decades. This essay breaks down the incentives, capital flows, and regulatory gaps that sustained it and what must change next.